Author: Rear Admiral Dr S Kulshrestha (Retd)
Within its EEZ, a coastal state has sovereign rights for exploring, exploiting, conserving and managing natural living and non-living resources of the waters superjacent to the seabed and its subsoil. Two essential components of effective EEZ security management comprise surveillance and deterrence. For such an extensive requirement a cooperative, synergetic and system of systems approach between various agencies involved would be paramount.

Author: Commodore Ranjit B Rai (Retd)
The success of a nation in the 21st century will be dependant on its economic, foreign and military policy and the nation’s technology adaptation policy and depends on the strategic outlook of its leaders and society as a whole. The Chinese have imbibed these pointers. China’s rise has witnessed strides in its economic and military might and the Chinese have adapted technology and infrastructure as accomplishments of comprehensive national power (CNP), which India has to note in any strategy calculus.

Author: Saloni Salil
The problem seemed to have escalated leading to a great divide and into a high zone of contention, when Former Governor of Tokyo, Shintaro Ishihara (known for his nationalist ideals and controversial remarks), started raising private money to start developing the uninhabited island chain for exerting their claims. On September 11, 2012, the Senkaku Islands were nationalised by the Japanese government.

Author: V Balachandran IPS (Retd)
The confusion exists even now. Immediately after 26/11, the Defence Ministry issued a secret order asking the Coast Guard to take over the entire coastal security. They did not implement it on account of the 2001 “Group of Ministers’ (GoM) recommendations that the immediate surveillance of the coast should be done by State Marine Police.