For India, surrounded by two nuclear-armed rivals — China and Pakistan — such capabilities are not an option but a requirement. China already operates the J-20, while Pakistan has shown interest in acquiring the J-31. India’s indigenous Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA) is under development but at least 8–10 years away. In the meantime, acquiring a limited number of 5th-gen jets could bridge this critical gap.

Su-57: Technically Compatible, Strategically Comfortable

The Sukhoi Su-57E, offered by Russia, aligns well with India’s existing defence ecosystem. India already operates Su-30MKI, MiG-29, and several Russian platforms; thus, logistics, maintenance, and pilot training would be easier. Russia has offered technology transfer, local production at HAL Nashik, and even a stop-gap supply of Su-35M fighters.

Technically, the Su-57 boasts supercruise, advanced avionics, and long-range missile capacity, although global reviews raise questions about its true stealth levels. Yet, for India, the biggest advantage lies in operational synergy. Ground crews and airbases are already familiar with Russian systems, which makes integration smoother and quicker.

However, Russia’s long involvement in Ukraine has raised doubts over its production rates and software maturity — pose concerns.

F-35: Geopolitical Leap with Technical Hurdles

On the other hand, the F-35 Lightning II represents the world’s most advanced combat-tested fighter, used by few such as the US, UK, Israel, Japan, and NATO allies. Its stealth, electronic warfare systems and sensor fusion are battlefield-proven in West Asia. 

For India, induction of the F-35 would signal a strong strategic alignment with the West, especially amid growing Quad and Indo-Pacific ties. It would boost interoperability with US and allied forces — a key factor as India enhances its role in regional security architecture.

Yet, technical integration is a major challenge. India’s infrastructure is not built for F-35 maintenance or operations. There would be ITAR restrictions, strict end-use monitoring, and limited customisation. But once India crosses the initial hurdles, it could become part of a long-term tech ecosystem, accessing upgrades and AI-powered combat systems.

Strategic Balance or Strategic Shift?

India’s choice between Su-57 and F-35 is more than a matter of aircraft specs — it is a decision between strategic continuity and strategic transformation. While the Su-57 fits into India’s legacy systems, the F-35 opens doors to a new global partnership framework. With AMCA still years away, a limited acquisition of either — chosen wisely — could shape India’s air dominance for the next three decades. However, the reports coming in that India is going with Russian Su-57, as Russia is ready for tech transfer and joint production.